In cases of dyspareunia (painful intercourse), the most practical way to reach an accurate diagnosis is to determine exactly where and when the pain is felt. In medical evaluations, pain is categorized into Superficial Dyspareunia and Deep Dyspareunia. Specialist clinics meticulously analyze the symptoms and underlying causes of these two distinct pain types.
1. Superficial Dyspareunia (Entry Pain)
Pain is felt at the opening of the vagina at the very beginning of intercourse. Its symptoms and most common causes include:
- A sharp burning, stinging, or tearing sensation at the vaginal entrance.
- Causes: Vaginal dryness, vaginismus (involuntary contraction of entry muscles), rigid hymen, vulvar vestibulitis (sensitivity at the vaginal opening), or active infections.
2. Deep Dyspareunia (Deep Pain)
Pain is felt deep in the lower groin and abdomen during penetration or when bumping against the cervix. Its symptoms and most common causes include:
- A dull, aching pressure or cramp deep within the pelvis during intercourse, which may persist for hours afterward.
- Causes: Endometriosis, pelvic adhesions (due to previous surgeries), uterine prolapse, uterine fibroids, or ovarian cysts.
An accurate description of the pain location enables urology and gynecology specialists to request the appropriate diagnostic tests and plan targeted treatments.